Optimization of surgical selection in the treatment of irritation fibroids

Abstract

Irritation fibroma is a benign, non-neoplastic lesion that arises in the oral mucosa due to chronic irritations or trauma. This focal hyperplasia of collagenized fibrous connective tissue typically presents as an exophytic, firm, asymptomatic, pink nodule with a smooth surface and a well-defined border. Removing this lesion not only allows for diagnostic confirmation, it also prevents additional complications, relieves symptoms in symptomatic cases, and improves the patient's aesthetics and comfort. Surgical intervention is the recommended treatment and can be carried out using various techniques, such as conventional surgical excision, laser surgery, electrosurgery and cryosurgery. The choice of surgical method is based on specific characteristics of the fibroid and physician preferences, with conventional surgical excision frequently preferred as it allows complete control over tissue removal. This study details the case of a patient with an irritation fibroma located in the lateral region of the tongue, for which the VIKOR method was used as a multi-criteria decision-making tool to select the most appropriate surgical technique. The final decision favored conventional surgical excision, based on multicriteria assessment that included aspects such as the size and location of the lesion, available resources, risks, and aesthetic results. The management of irritation fibroma must be careful and well-founded, favoring techniques that ensure complete removal of the lesion with minimal complications and ensuring adequate postoperative follow-up to evaluate the patient's evolution and prevent recurrences