Optimization of Potassium Supply under Osmotic Stress Mitigates Oxidative Damage in Barley.

Ershad Tavakol,Bálint Jákli,Klaus Dittert,Mehmet Senbayram,Ismail Cakmak

doi:10.3390/plants11010055

Abstract

Potassium (K) is the most abundant cation in plants, playing an important role in osmoregulation. Little is known about the effect of genotypic variation in the tolerance to osmotic stress under different K treatments in barley. In this study, we measured the interactive effects of osmotic stress and K supply on growth and stress responses of two barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) and monitored reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with enzymatic antioxidant activity and their respective gene expression level. The selected cultivars (cv. Milford and cv. Sahin-91Sahin-91) were exposed to osmotic stress (−0.7 MPa) induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) under low (0.04 mM) and adequate (0.8 mM) K levels in the nutrient solution. Leaf samples were collected and analyzed for levels of K, ROS, kinetic activity of antioxidants enzymes and expression levels of respective genes during the stress period. The results showed that optimal K supply under osmotic stress significantly decreases ROS production and adjusts antioxidant activity, leading to the reduction of oxidative stress in the studied plants. The cultivar Milford had a lower ROS level and a better tolerance to stress compared to the cultivar Sahin-91. We conclude that optimized K supply is of great importance in mitigating ROS-related damage induced by osmotic stress, specifically in drought-sensitive barley cultivars.

Highlights

The world’s climate is currently undergoing an era of rapid change, characterized by increased average temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns
Plants supplied with low-K showed 66% and 53% lower dry matter (DM) in cv
The present study shows a significant decrease in biomass production

Summary

Introduction

The world’s climate is currently undergoing an era of rapid change, characterized by increased average temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns. The fastest physiological response to osmotic stress is the reduction of stomatal aperture, which decreases the amount of water vapor lost through the stomata [2,4]. This will result in the reduction of stomatal conductance and decrease internal CO2 concentrations in leaf’s mesophyll cells, impairing photosynthesis. The reduction in photosynthesis as a result of reduced CO2 concentration in the chloroplast will favor photorespiration [5] This process is combined with the excess production of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), which is among one of the most important reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. H2 O2 can be produced by impaired manganese clusters of photosystem two (PSII) or in both PSII and PSI by the electron donation of iron-sulfur clusters to oxygen [8]

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Results

Discussion

Conclusion