Abstract
Integrating distributed generation (DG) into the main grid is a challenge for the safety and stability of the grid. The application of peer-to-peer (P2P) technology in microgrids with distributed generation is expected to facilitate increased self-consumption of distributed and renewable energy, and the rise of prosumers’ monetary benefits. A P2P energy trading model in microgrids with photovoltaic (PV) distributed generation and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) is proposed in this paper. We additionally designed a P2P electricity trading mechanism based on coalition game theory. A simulation framework of this model is presented which assumed a local community with 30 households under comprehensive constraints encompassing a customer load profile, PV system, BESSs, market signals including feed-in tariffs, and retail prices. Firstly, individual customers can post orders (purchasing orders or selling orders) and exchange information in a P2P energy trading market. Secondly, the microgrid operator can validate the orders based on how to achieve the minimum overall energy consumption in microgrids and set reasonable real-time purchasing and selling prices for P2P energy transactions. Thirdly, the orders can be automatically conducted and completed at the designed optimal price. This mechanism can be a practical solution motivating individual customers to participate in P2P electricity trading, assist with electricity cost reduction, benefit from electricity supply increases, and help the grid operators to make the most economically and socially friendly decisions.
Highlights
Deterioration of the global environment and the depletion of fossil fuel energy has led to growing attention being focused on distributed and renewable forms of generation, like solar energy and wind power
P2P energy trading empowers customers to trade electricity at a P2P marginal price that is cheaper than the time of use (TOU) price and higher than feed-in tariffs (FIT), respectively, which provides attractive savings for buyers and profit for sellers
(2) A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) method based on YALMIP [20] is proposed to optimize the decision-making of P2P electricity transactions considering a large number of users with distributed photovoltaic generation and battery energy storage systems (BESSs)
Summary
Deterioration of the global environment and the depletion of fossil fuel energy has led to growing attention being focused on distributed and renewable forms of generation, like solar energy and wind power. (2) A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) method based on YALMIP [20] (it is a modular language for defining and solving advanced optimization problems, which are written in MATLAB language) is proposed to optimize the decision-making of P2P electricity transactions considering a large number of users with distributed photovoltaic generation and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The proposed model respects variable real-world constraints, including P2P power trading, microgrid users, customer load profile, PV system, battery energy storage systems (BESSs), and market signals. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents the structure of the microgrid P2P energy trading system with distributed photovoltaic generation and battery energy storage systems (BESSs), and proposes a mathematical model. PV, BESSs, microgrid scheduling, and balance and amnadnmagaenmagenemt seynstesmyssteamrescaornescidoenrseid.erFeudr.thFeurrmthoerem, tohre,mthaethmematahteimcaal tmicoadl meloodf eelaochf ecaocmhpconmepnotnaenndt athneddtheseigdnesoigf nthoefPt2hPe Pp2oPwperowtraedr itnragdminegchmaencishmanwisimll bweildl ebme odnemstroantestdr.ated
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