Abstract
The optimization of iron oxide nanoparticles as tracers for magnetic particle imaging (MPI) alongside the development of data acquisition equipment and image reconstruction techniques is crucial for the required improvements in image resolution and sensitivity of MPI scanners. We present a large-scale water-based synthesis of multicore superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized with dextran (MC-SPIONs). We also demonstrate the preparation of single core superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in organic media, subsequently coated with a poly(ethylene glycol) gallic acid polymer and phase transferred to water (SC-SPIONs). Our aim was to obtain long-term stable particles in aqueous media with high MPI performance. We found that the amplitude of the third harmonic measured by magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) at 10 mT is 2.3- and 5.8-fold higher than Resovist for the MC-SPIONs and SC-SPIONs, respectively, revealing excellent MPI potential as compared to other reported MPI tracer particle preparations. We show that the reconstructed MPI images of phantoms using optimized multicore and specifically single-core particles are superior to that of commercially available Resovist, which we utilize as a reference standard, as predicted by MPS.
Highlights
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new imaging modality, introduced by Gleich and Weizenecker in 2005, with the potential to enrich modern diagnostic imaging [1]
The optimization of iron oxide nanoparticles as tracers for magnetic particle imaging (MPI) alongside the development of data acquisition equipment and image reconstruction techniques is crucial for the required improvements in image resolution and sensitivity of MPI scanners
We present a large-scale water-based synthesis of multicore superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized with dextran (MC-SPIONs)
Summary
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new imaging modality, introduced by Gleich and Weizenecker in 2005, with the potential to enrich modern diagnostic imaging [1]. The ideal tracer must have optimized physicochemical properties; a high magnetization, consistent morphology, and chemical stability in biological media are all necessary to generate high-quality three-dimensional images. Further uses are envisaged with the development of multicolor MPI, implementing a signal separation acquired simultaneously from different tracer types or from tracers in different environments [6,7]. Only research scanners and a few preclinical demonstrators acquiring one-dimensional (1D), 2D, and 3D images are in use, aiming at establishing the relation between the tracer properties, scanner parameters, and the resulting sensitivity and spatial/temporal resolution of the image [8]. The feasibility of MPI for clinical imaging has yet to be demonstrated in a whole-body clinical scanner [9]
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