Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Carotenoids from Dunaliella parva by Response Surface Methodology.

Yujia Li,Changhua Shang,Lirong Luo,Xiaojuan Huang

doi:10.3390/molecules27041444

Yujia Li, Changhua Shang + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041444

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Abstract

Extraction conditions can exert a remarkable influence on extraction efficiency. The aim of this study was to improve the extraction efficiency of carotenoids from Dunaliella parva (D. parva). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 95% ethanol were used as the extraction solvents. The extraction time, extraction temperature and the proportions of mixed solvent were taken as influencing factors, and the experimental scheme was determined by Central Composite Design (CCD) of Design Expert 10.0.4.0 to optimize the extraction process of carotenoids from D. parva. The absorbance values of the extract at 665 nm, 649 nm and 480 nm were determined by a microplate spectrophotometer, and the extraction efficiency of carotenoids was calculated. Analyses of the model fitting degree, variance and interaction term 3D surface were performed by response surface analysis. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time of 20 min, extraction temperature of 40 °C, and a mixed solvent ratio (DMSO: 95% ethanol) of 3.64:1. Under the optimal conditions, the actual extraction efficiency of carotenoids was 0.0464%, which was increased by 18.19% (the initial extraction efficiency of 0.03926%) with a lower extraction temperature (i.e., lower energy consumption) compared to the standard protocol.

Highlights

Carotenoids are important phytochemicals contributing to health benefits in the human diet
The results indicated that Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 95% ethanol had higher extraction efficiencies (0.03926% and 0.03868%)
The efficiency of pulsed electric field-assisted extraction combined with DMSO in extracting carotenoids from microalgae Tetraselmis chui (Chlorophyta) and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyta) was higher [45]

Summary

Introduction

Carotenoids are important phytochemicals contributing to health benefits in the human diet. They are lipophilic pigments produced by organisms, especially plants and microorganisms [1,2,3]. Carotenoids have a terpenoid structure consisting of a long, conjugated chain. Carotenoids can be divided into two groups according to their structure, carbohydrate type and oxidized type. Carotenoids have important biological activities in organisms [6,7,8,9] and can play an important role in enhancing immunity, anti-oxidation and delaying aging, preventing tumor, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and fighting cancer [10]. Carotenoids reduce the risk of many types of cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cataracts and chronic diseases such as macular degeneration [11]. As food colorants and nutritional supplements, carotenoids are widely used in food, medicine and health care products [12,13]

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