OPTIMIZATION OF DIAGNOSTICS AND PLANNING OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DENTOFACIAL ANOMALIES BASED ON THE RESULTS OF MORPHOMETRIC STUDIES OF THE ANTERIOR DENTAL ARCH

Abstract

Aim. Our aim was to study the interaction and interdependence between the depth of the frontal part of the dental arches and their gnathic and dental types. Materials and methods. The materials of the research were the results of measurements of the frontal part of the dental arches of 87 people aged 18-25 with a complete set of permanent teeth, physiological occlusion and various gnathic and dental types of dental arches. Measurement and calculation of the depth of the frontal sections of the dental arches was carried out according to the Korkhaus method using tables and correction factors. Gnathic type of dental arches (mesognathic, dolichognathic, brachygnathic) was determined by the dental index (Dmitrienko S.V., 2015). The types of dental system (normodontia, macrodontia, microdontia) were calculated from the sum of the width of the crowns of the upper teeth. Results . Anthropometric studies of gypsum models of jaws made it possible to establish that the shape of the frontal part of the dental arch is determined exclusively by its gnathic type. In people with mesognathic form of dental arches, regardless of the size of the frontal teeth, the calculated values according to the Korkhaus method coincide with the true parameters of the depth of the anterior part of the dental arch. In patients with brachygnathic form of dental arches, the parameters of the depth of the anterior part of the dental arch are statistically significantly greater than the calculated values of Korkhaus. In people with dolichognathic form of dental arches, the depth of the frontal part of the dental arch is statistically significantly less than the calculated values of Korkhaus. Conclusion. An in-depth study of the variability of the structure of the shape of the dental arches of the upper and lower jaws in the projection on the gnathic facial types, due to their anatomical and topographical proximity and morphological unity, is of fundamental theoretical importance. The individual features of the maxillofacial region, which are of great practical importance in the diagnosis of pathological changes in the dentition, interpretation of the radiographic data, will not only improve existing conservative and surgical methods for treating patients in the dental profile, but also minimize the likelihood of immediate and distant complications.