Optimization of Design and Technology of Injector Nozzles in Terms of Minimizing Energy Losses on Friction in Compression Ignition Engines

Jan Monieta,Lech Kasyk

doi:10.3390/app11167341

Abstract

The operation of injection apparatus in self-ignition engines results from the design, manufacturing technology and wear and tear during operation. The technical state of the injector apparatus significantly affects the engine performance, fuel consumption, toxicity and smoke opacity of outlet gases. The most unreliable element of the injection apparatus is the injector nozzle, the quality of which depends on the quality of construction and production, operating conditions and the of the fuels used, etc. One of the design parameters of the injector nozzles, determining the technical state is the geometry of the nozzle holes. An attempt was made to optimize the selection of the dimensions and surface condition of the spray holes to significantly affect the flow properties of the injector nozzles and, consequently, to decide on the size and form of fuel dosed streams to individual cylinders of a self-ignition engine and the quality of fuel atomization. In work, a simulation model was developed, and the pressure losses and the mass fluid of the injected fuel were minimized for selected significant geometric features, taking into account the influence of operating conditions. With the use of Mathematica software, simulation optimization methods and methods based on evolutionary algorithms were elaborated.

Highlights

The fuel injection process is the primary action influencing the reach of the desired parameters of the compression ignition engine cycle
The injector nozzles work in very rugged conditions, with high pressures of the fuel and the working medium in the engine’s combustion chamber, and with the simultaneous interaction of the heat flux with flames and outlet gases [8]
The findings indicated considerable changes in the flow development and bulk flow values such as the volumetric efficiency of the injectors and the mean fuel injection temperature

Summary

Introduction

The fuel injection process is the primary action influencing the reach of the desired parameters of the compression ignition engine cycle. Incorrect operation of injection equipment in compression-ignition engines, caused by imperfect workmanship and wear, significantly affects the engine performance, increased fuel consumption, toxic emission and smoke opacity of outlet gases. Changes in its technical state significantly affect the engine operating parameters and the emission of harmful components of the outlet gases [6,7]. The injector nozzles work in very rugged conditions, with high pressures of the fuel and the working medium in the engine’s combustion chamber, and with the simultaneous interaction of the heat flux with flames and outlet gases [8]. Modeling allows approximating the principles of organization, and principles of operation of the research object, enabling obtaining information about the modeled system. The purpose of modeling is to obtain a reliable mathematical model that allows tracing the behavior of an object under various conditions.

Objectives

Results

Conclusion