Abstract
Heavy oil has characteristics such as API gravity 10-20 and high viscosity (100-10,000 cp) at reservoir temperature. Several methods have been successfully applied to produce these reserves, such as cyclic steam stimulation (CSS). Cyclic steam stimulation is a thermal injection method that aims to heat the oil around production wells. This paper presents the investigation regarding CSS application in heavy oil using Response Surface Methodology. Several scenarios were done by varying the operating conditions to obtain the most realistic results and also evaluating the factors that most influence the success of CSS process. Optimization is performed to find the maximum recovery factor (RF) value and minimum steam oil cumulative ratio (CSOR). The operating parameters used are CSS cycle, steam injection rate, and steam quality. Then statistical modeling is carried out to test the most important parameters affecting RF and CSOR for 10 years. The simulation results show that the CSS cycle, steam injection rate, and steam quality affect the RF and CSOR. The maximum RF results with the minimum CSOR were obtained at 39 cycles, an injection rate of 300 bbl/day, and a steam quality of 0.9 with an RF and CSOR value is 24.102% and 3.5129 respectively.
Highlights
Oil reserves in the world contain large amounts of heavy oil (Zhu, 2011) which have characteristics such as API gravity 10 - 20 and high viscosity (100 cp - 10,000 cp) at reservoir temperature
The results of the design are inputted into the Minitab software to form a response surface design consisting of several scenarios that contain a combination of each independent variable and look for the results of the recovery factor (RF) and cumulative steam oil ratio (CSOR) values in each scenario
This research demonstrates that the cyclic steam stimulation process can be optimized by using response surface methodology
Summary
Oil reserves in the world contain large amounts of heavy oil (Zhu, 2011) which have characteristics such as API gravity 10 - 20 and high viscosity (100 cp - 10,000 cp) at reservoir temperature. Several methods have been successfully applied to produce these reserves, one of which is cyclic steam stimulation (CSS). Cyclic steam stimulation is one of the Thermal Injection methods where steam with a high temperature is injected into the reservoir periodically, there are three phases, namely the injection phase, the soaking phase, and the production phase. Planning a cyclic steam stimulation is needed to obtain optimal production. In optimizing cyclic steam stimulation, several parameters are very important. These parameters are the injection cycle (cycle), the amount of steam injection (rate), and the steam quality which must be well calculated to achieve successful operation
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