Optimization of clonal micropropagation of stone fruit crops

Abstract

The aim of the research was to optimize the clonal micropropagation of stone crops through the use of improved techniques. The objects of the research at the stage of introduction into culture in vitro were meristematic apexes, at the stage of micro-propagation itself – micro-shoots, at the rooting stage – rooted micro-shoots, at the adaptation stage – micro-plants. All experiments were carried out according to generally accepted methods using the example of the steppe cherry variety Shchedraya, the domestic plum variety Kazanskaya and the hybrid sweet cherry Fatezh. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of a 10 % chlorhexidine solution for sterilization of the initial plant material of stone crops increased the survival rate of apexes on average by 2.4 %; the combined use of growth regulators 6-benzylaminopurine 0.5 mg/l, gibberellic acid 0.2 mg/l, indo-lil-3-butyric acid (IBA) 0.2 mg/l in a nutrient medium and an experimental diode pulsed phytoirradiator in the last proliferation passage activated the proliferation of micro-shoots, increasing the reproduction coefficient of stone crops in 6 passages by an average of 0.9 pcs/explant; the addition of 1.0 mg/l (IBA ) to the nutrient medium provided an increase in the rooting capacity of micro-shoots of stone crops by an average of 9.6 %. The treatment of micro-plants of stone crops at the stage of adaptation by spraying with an 8 % solution of the extract of the products of the larvae of the large wax moth and the use of an experimental LED pulsed phytoirradiator with a mixed spectrum contributed to an increase in their survival rate by an average of 12.4 %. Compliance with the proposed improved methods of clonal micropropagation of stone crops using growth regulators and an experimental LED pulse phytoirradiator with a mixed spectrum made it possible to increase the yield of standard adapted micro-plants by 2 times. At the same time, the cost of one adapted micro-plant decreased by an average of 11.4 rubles, and the profitability of obtaining improved stone crop material increased by 33.7 % and amounted to 160.7 %.