Abstract
The intermittent nature of renewable sources, such as solar and wind, leads to the need for a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) that can provide uninterrupted and reliable energy to a remote and off-grid location with the use of a biogas generator and battery. In the present study, conventional PV panels have been integrated with phase change material (PCM) for power enhancement. In addition, various configurations (i. PV-Wind-Battery system, ii. PV-PCM-Wind-Battery, iii. PV-Wind-Biogas-Battery and iv. PV-PCM-Wind-Biogas-Battery) have been compared for the hot and humid climatic location of Chennai, India. Optimization has been carried out to minimize the cost of energy and the net present cost has also been computed. It has been found that the integration of PCM with the PV-Wind-Biogas-Battery-based off-grid system results in savings of USD 0.22 million in terms of net present cost and reduces the cost of energy from USD 0.099/kWh to USD 0.094/kWh. Similarly, for another off-grid HRES configuration of PV-Wind-Battery, the integration of PCM results in savings of USD 0.17 million, and reduces the cost of energy from USD 0.12/kWh to USD 0.105/kWh.
Highlights
The availability of energy plays a very important role in the economic growth and sustainable development of a society and nation
The present study investigates how the integration of a phase change material with a PV panel will affect the optimization of the hybrid renewable energy system (HRES), which has the potential to reduce the cost of energy
The wind turbine, PV/phase change material (PCM) panel and battery bank are connected to the direct current (DC) bus, whereas biogas generator and the electric load are connected to the alternating current (AC) bus
Summary
The availability of energy plays a very important role in the economic growth and sustainable development of a society and nation. Rahman et al [10] showed that biogas and solar systems can be integrated to develop a hybrid energy system that can meet both electrical load and thermal (cooking) demands, and can efficiently replace conventional facilities. 4,031,102.3 and a COE of EUR 0.2401/kWh. Kanase-Patil et al [15] showed that an HRES with micro hydropower, biomass, biogas, solar energy, wind and energy plantation, with individual contributions of 44.99%, 30.07%, 5.19%, 4.16%, 1.27% and 12.33%, respectively, can provide for the electrical and cooking needs of seven off-grid villages in Uttarakhand, India. Li et al [18] carried out a technoeconomic feasibility study of a hybrid renewable system used to meet the load demand of a house in Urumqi, China, using different configurations of energy source. The mathematical modeling and optimization of the system have been carried out
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