Abstract
Water conflicts in transboundary watersheds are significantly exacerbated by insufficient freshwater sources and high water demands. Due to its increasing population and various development projects, as well as current and potential water shortages, Egypt is one of the most populated and impacted countries in Africa and the Middle East in terms of water scarcity. With good future planning, modeling will help to solve water scarcity problems in the Ismailia canal, which is one of the most significant branches of the Nile River. Many previous studies of the Nile river basin depended on quality modeling and hydro-economic models which had policy or system control constraints. To overcome this deficit position and number, the East Nile Delta area was investigated using LINDO (linear interactive, and discrete optimizer) software; a mathematical model with physical constraints (mass balances); and ArcGIS software for canals and water demands from the agriculture sector, which is expected to face a water shortage. Using the total capital (Ismailia canal, groundwater, and water reuse) and total demand for water from different industries, the software measures the shortage area and redistributes the water according to demand node preferences (irrigation, domestic, and industrial water demands). At the irrigation network’s end, a water deficit of 789.81 MCM/year was estimated at Al-Salhiya, Ismailia, El Qantara West, Fayed, and Port Said. The model was then run through three scenarios: (1) the Ismailia Canal Lining’s effect, (2) surface water’s impact, and (3) groundwater’s impact. Water scarcity was proportional to lining four sections at a length of 61.0 km, which is considered to be optimal—based on the simulation which predicts that the Ismailia canal head flow will rise by 15%, according to scenarios—and the most effective way to reduce water scarcity in the face of climate change and limited resources as a result of the increasing population and built-in industrial projects in Egypt.
Highlights
In many countries around the world, water shortage is one of the most serious issues.About 1.2 billion people, or nearly one-fifth of the world’s population, live in waterscarce regions, and 500 million more people are living in regions that are on the verge of becoming water-scarce [1,2]
The optimization model was designed for supplying sources when taking into account water quality, water distribution capability, and current relations between water supply and water demands
The results revealed that runoff water harvesting maps could divide the basin into five parts, ranging from very high to very low, with the majority of Wadi Dahab classified as very high and high (15.56 percent and 58.27 percent, respectively) for runoff water harvesting (RWH) [23]
Summary
In many countries around the world, water shortage is one of the most serious issues. Dependence on agriculture, and new industrial ventures, modeling may help to solve the problem of water scarcity by accounting for all important components that make up a river basin and addressing various planning and management priorities and activities, in order to assist planners in evaluating and selecting the most appropriate activity guidelines for the local situations and objectives. The mathematical optimization model was used to increase the yearly return in Egypt from three regions by selecting the best land locations for various crops and imposing various constraints on the model, such as land availability in various seasons, water availability, crop effective areas, and sufficiency ratios. We focused in this study on offering a feasible solution to the water scarcity/shortage issue in the area of the Ismailia canal This could be done efficiently by applying a mathematical optimization model which is capable of analyzing various organizational guidelines. The model optimizes the physical system and desired operation rules as a collection of the constraints embedded in the model, resulting in the best feasible solution for water delivery with a low deficit in order to achieve the best solution to the water scarcity problem [30]
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