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Abstract
The application of mathematical optimization methods for water supply system design and operation provides the capacity to increase the energy efficiency and to lower the investment costs considerably. We present a system approach for the optimal design and operation of pumping systems in real-world high-rise buildings that is based on the usage of mixed-integer nonlinear and mixed-integer linear modeling approaches. In addition, we consider different booster station topologies, i.e. parallel and series-parallel central booster stations as well as decentral booster stations. To confirm the validity of the underlying optimization models with real-world system behavior, we additionally present validation results based on experiments conducted on a modularly constructed pumping test rig. Within the models we consider layout and control decisions for different load scenarios, leading to a Deterministic Equivalent of a two-stage stochastic optimization program. We use a piecewise linearization as well as a piecewise relaxation of the pumps’ characteristics to derive mixed-integer linear models. Besides the solution with off-the-shelf solvers, we present a problem specific exact solving algorithm to improve the computation time. Focusing on the efficient exploration of the solution space, we divide the problem into smaller subproblems, which partly can be cut off in the solution process. Furthermore, we discuss the performance and applicability of the solution approaches for real buildings and analyze the technical aspects of the solutions from an engineer’s point of view, keeping in mind the economically important trade-off between investment and operation costs.
Highlights
More than half of the world’s population (55 %) lived in urban areas in 2018, as shown in UN (2018)
We presented three different modeling approaches for the optimization of booster stations in high-rise buildings that are based on a stochastic optimization approach
The underlying optimization model is mostly linear in its decision variables, but the consideration of the pump characteristics for the booster station design leads to a nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear program, which is hard to solve for real-world instances in its original form
Summary
More than half of the world’s population (55 %) lived in urban areas in 2018, as shown in UN (2018). As the space for living in cities is limited, one effective way to cope with the steady urbanization and to create living space are high-rise buildings In those buildings distributed pressure boosting pumping stations, called booster stations, provide water for every floor, especially in higher pressure zones. Their need will increase proportionally with the number of high-rise buildings. One has to check whether a promising design is able to fulfill the different load scenarios occurring in the building, and for an economic solution by balancing investment and operating costs against each other To achieve these goals, we present an optimization-aided system design approach based on a problem-specific solving algorithm. We draw a conclusion and give an outlook for future work
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