Abstract
Optimization and equilibrium studies of Pb(II) removal by Grewia Asiatica seed: a factorial design approach This study aims to explore the efficiency of an agro waste material for the remediation of Pb(II) contaminated water. A factorial design approach is adopted to optimize removal efficiency and to study the interaction between effective variables. A face-centered Draper-Lin composite design predicted 100% removal efficiency at optimum variables; pH 8, initial concentration of Pb(II) ion 12mg/L, sorbent dose 200mg and agitation time 110 min. Regration coefficient (R2 = 99.9%) of a plot of the predicted versus the observed values and p value (>0.05) confirms the applicability of the predicted model. Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models were applicable to sorption data with the Langmuir sorption capacity of 21.61±0.78 mg/g. The energy of sorption was found to be 13.62±0.32 kJ/mol expected for ion-exchange or chemisorption nature of sorption process. Characterization of Grewia seed suggested a possible contribution of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the process of biosorption. The present study shows that Grewia seeds can be used effectively for the remediation of Pb(II) contaminated water.
Highlights
Contamination of water bodies due to increasing industrialization is becoming a serious environmental threat
Draper-Lin composite design, used in the present study develops a correlation between aqueous solution variables to the sorption efficiency of Pb (II) on Grewia seed
Waste of fresh summer fruit Grewia was found to be a potential sorbent for the uptake of Pb(II) from aqueous systems without increasing system’s chemical oxygen demand (COD)
Summary
Contamination of water bodies due to increasing industrialization is becoming a serious environmental threat. Pollution by heavy metal ions such as lead is one of major environmental issues around the world due to their possible toxic effects and non-biodegradable nature. Lead is recognized as a longstanding environmental contaminant. Glass, production of lead additives for gasoline, lead storage batteries, lead smelting, mining, printing, tanning, plating and finishing industries are mainly responsible for the introduction of lead into natural water bodies[1]. The permissible limit of lead in drinking water is 0.05 mg/L, exceeding this limit may cause adverse health effects. In view of its toxicity and in order to meet regulatory discharge standards, it is essential to remove this toxic metal from wastewater prior to discharge into fresh water bodies. Extensive research has been dedicated to identify new, effective and economical methods for its removal from aqueous solution[4]
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