Abstract
The soybean has been widely studied due to its constituents and to their application. Authors have pointed out that its composition can vary, with its use frequently taking the form of oil. The oil extraction process, which is in constant application in the market, consists of the use of extraction solvents, with hexane being one of the most used; however the fact that this comes from non-renewable sources has aroused interest in its replacement. As a result, ethanol has been seen as an alternative solvent, despite increasing the cost of the process. This study therefore aims to evaluate the composition of three soybean cultivars planted in the region of Palmas, in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, and to optimise oil extraction from the beans through the use of a binary mixture of ethanol and hexane. The cultivars displayed high protein and lipid potential. The extraction time and temperature proved influential in the process. Ethanol, when present in greater quantity in the mixture, with an increase in temperature, caused an increase in the levels of extracted oil.
Highlights
Defined by the Ministry of Agriculture as the Brazilian crop that has most increased in the last three decades, the soybean (Glycine max L.) corresponds to approximately 49% of the area of the country planted with grain (BRASIL, 2011)
This study aims to evaluate the composition of three soybean cultivars planted in the region of Palmas in the state of Tocantins, and to optimise the extraction of oil from these grains through the use of a binary mixture of ethanol and hexane
According to Pelúzio et al (2008), the constituents of the soybean are influenced by conditions at sowing, since environmental factors such as temperature and rainfall react with each other and interact with the plant
Summary
Defined by the Ministry of Agriculture as the Brazilian crop that has most increased in the last three decades, the soybean (Glycine max L.) corresponds to approximately 49% of the area of the country planted with grain (BRASIL, 2011). Oil from the soybean is a product which is widely commercialised due to its many applications, which range from its use in the food industry to the production of biofuels (BEHRENS; SILVA, 2004). The use of a crop in a production process, in any area, must effectively meet the long-term market demand (GUARIENTI et al, 2012; TOMAZIN JUNIOR, 2008). The extraction of soybean oil is frequently under study due to the range of variables that can influence the productivity of the process, as well as production costs (BRUM; ARRUDA; REGITANO-D’ARCE, 2009; FREITAS et al, 2010; NIMET et al, 2011). Freitas et al (2010) state that several solvents are capable of extracting the oil from grains, with hexane being the most widely used solvent in the industrial process, having the disadvantage of coming from non-renewable sources
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