Abstract
Purpose To optimize conditions for photodynamic detection (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of bladder carcinoma, urothelial accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and conditions leading to cell photodestruction were studied. Materials and Methods Porcine and human bladder mucosae were superfused with derivatives of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). PpIX accumulation and distribution across the mucosa was studied by microspectrofluorometry. Cell viability and structural integrity were assessed by using vital dyes and microscopy. Results ALA esters, especially hexyl-ALA, accelerated and regularized urothelial PpIX accumulation and allowed for necrosis upon illumination. Conclusions hexyl-ALA used at micromolar concentrations is the most efficient PpIX precursor for PDD and PDT.
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