Optimisation of sandwich panels with functionally graded core and faces

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The distributions of properties across the thickness (core) and in the plane (face sheets) that minimise the interlaminar stresses at the interface with the core are determined solving the Euler–Lagrange equations of an optimisation problem in which the membrane and transverse shear energy contributions are made stationary. The bending stiffness is maximised, while the energy due to interlaminar stresses is minimised. As structural model, a refined zig-zag model with a high-order variation of displacements is employed. Simplified, sub-optimal distributions obtainable with current manufacturing processes appear effective for reducing the critical interfacial stress concentration, as shown by the numerical applications.