Abstract
Potatoes are an extremely important crop for the nutrition of the population in Ukraine. Its potential is high-up to 100 t/ha of tubers, but the average yield reaches 14-16 t/ha. To obtain significantly higher productivity, it is necessary to improve the main elements of cultivation technology. The main factor of potato production on drip irrigation is the optimisation of plant nutrition, which the authors have taken to study with three varieties of early maturing potatoes. Studies have established that providing plants with nutrients with the selection of varieties can increase the productivity of tubers up to 37-39 t/ha, or increase its level compared to the control to 64.7%. It was determined that the maximum yield is provided by the main application from autumn N32P32K32, before planting N48P48K48 and carrying out three top dressings during the growing season simultaneously with watering with a total rate of N33 and Plantafol 6 kg/ha, starting from the beginning of budding with an interval of 8-10 days. At the same time, tubers are formed with high-quality indicators as they contain a sufficient number of dry substances, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and starch. It should be noted that when optimising nutrition, the intake of all the main indicators of potato tubers compared to the control slightly decreased, namely dry substances and starch. On the contrary, the amount of ascorbic acid increased, especially with top dressing with Plantafol. Varietal features regarding the impact on the quality of tubers are also determined. Significantly more dry substances were found in tubers of the Riviera and Prada varieties, and more starch content was found in Prada and Minerva varieties. Slightly less dry matter and ascorbic acid were detected in Minerva potato tubers compared to other varieties. From the grown crop of tubers of the studied potato varieties, it is possible to obtain up to 4.0 t/ha of bioethanol or alcohol if they are processed
Highlights
As of November 1, 2020, potato production in Ukraine amounted to 21.7 million tons with an average yield of tubers at the level of 10-14 t/ha
The main factor of potato production on drip irrigation is the optimisation of plant nutrition, which the authors have taken to study with three varieties of early maturing potatoes
Studies conducted on Southern chernozem with three early maturing potato varieties grown on drip irrigation during 2018-2020 determined that this crop responded significantly to nutrition optimisation
Summary
As of November 1, 2020, potato production in Ukraine amounted to 21.7 million tons with an average yield of tubers at the level of 10-14 t/ha. Due to the insufficient amount of moisture for plants, an increase in potato productivity during watering is associated with optimising the moisture supply during the growing season of the crop, which contributes to an intensive increase in aboveground biomass and tubers. The relevance of the topic of this study is determined by the fact that an important direction for accelerating scientific and technological progress in potato growing is the creation and introduction into production of highly productive varieties and hybrids adapted to the appropriate soil and climatic conditions of the growing zone. As a result of the study, it was planned to determine the influence of the background of nutrition on the yield and quality of tubers of three varieties of early ripening potatoes when grown on drip irrigation in the conditions of the Southern steppe of Ukraine
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