Optimal Utilization of the Chahnimeh Water Reservoirs in Sistan Region of Iran using Goal Programming Method

Satellite remote sensing provides important observational constraints for monitoring dust life cycle and improving the understanding of its effects on local to global scales. The present work analyzes the dust aerosol patterns over the arid environment of the Sistan region in southeastern Iran, by means of multiple satellite platforms aiming to reveal the spatio-temporal distribution and trends. The dataset includes records of Aerosol Index (AI) from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) (1978–2001) and 6-year AI records from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard Aura. Moreover, the aerosol optical depth is analyzed through 11-year records from Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) aboard Terra (2000–2010) and from Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Terra (2000–2007) and Aqua (2002–2011). The main focus is to determine the similarities and differences in dust variability over southwest Asia, in general, and the Sistan region, in particular. The results show a marked seasonal cycle with high aerosol loading during summer and lower in winter, while MISR, MODIS, and TOMS/OMI observations agree in both terms of monthly and seasonally mean spatial and temporal patterns. The higher aerosol concentrations during summer are interpreted as a result of the combined effect of the seasonal drying of the Hamoun lakes and the strong northerly Levar winds favoring dust erosion from the alluvial deposits in Sistan. After prolonged drought period, the dust aerosol load over the area has increased in the beginning of the 2000 s and decreased after 2004, thereby leading to an overall declining trend during the last decade. Such a trend is absent during the winter period when dust emission over the region is minimal.

An investigation into climatic and terrestrial drivers of dust storms in the Sistan region of Iran in the early twenty-first century

Optimal Cropping Pattern for Water Resources Management in Sistan Region of Iran using Goal Programming Method

In order to solve the choice of the third-party reverse logistics enterprise, this paper analyzed the goal factors involved in the choice of enterprise, confirmed the weight of choice index using the method of AHP, solve the multi-objective programming problems combined with the method of goal programming, established the model of the goal programming, chose the optimal solutions.

Every company, including banks, prepares financial reports as a source of information regarding a company's performance and financial position. Economic reports have five essential elements: assets, liabilities, equity, income, and expenses. Each bank has several goals; to achieve the goal, a method is needed that can solve problems with several objectives. This study aims to apply the Goal Programming (GP) method to solve several financial goals simultaneously and analyze solutions to optimize financial reports at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI). Goal Programming is a multi-objective optimization technique that allows decision-makers to balance conflicting goals by prioritizing deviations from predetermined targets. This study uses GP to model BSI's financial constraints and objectives: maximizing assets, minimizing liabilities, maximizing equity, maximizing income, and minimizing expenses. The solution for the GP model is calculated using Lingo software. So far, BSI has never used the Goal Programming Method to optimize financial statements, offering a new analytical framework for the bank's decision-making process.he study results show that Bank BSI's financial reports for 2019 to 2022 have been optimal by implementing the GP method and the assistance of Lingo software. This is indicated by all deviations being successfully minimized and achieving the target. The minimized expenses are IDR 68.012.380 million, and the maximized assets are IDR 1.018.471.648 million.

Background: People want to be able to evaluate different kinds of information in a good way. There are various methods that they develop in such situations. Among the optimization methods, the goal programming method is often used when there are multiple objectives that decision makers want to accomplish. Because scheduling and planning problems have multiple objectives that are desired to be achieved, the goal programming method helps the researcher in contradictory situations between these goals. Methods: This study includes, examines, and analyzes recent research on service scheduling and planning. In the literature, service scheduling and planning studies have been examined using goal programming method from past to today. Results: The studies are detailed according to the type of goal programming, according to scheduling types, the purpose used in the studies, and the methods integrated with the goal programming. There are 142 studies in Emerald, Science Direct, Jstor, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Google Scholar, etc. databases that are examined in detail. For readers, diversification has been made to facilitate the identification of these studies and a detailed overview has been presented. Conclusion: As a result of the study, studies with the goal programming in the literature have been seen. The readers’ perspectives for planning and scheduling are discussed.

<p>The Helmand Transboundary River is the main drainage system in the southern part of Afghanistan and has a significant impact on the socioeconomic balance of the Sistan region in Iran. The persistent and intensifying hydrological drought causing the scarcity of water and depleted supplies for irrigation has been effective in reducing agricultural production and increasing migration in the Sistan region. For drought management, knowledge of factors affecting the development of hydrological droughts is essential. Due to the significant rise of drought in the Sistan region in recent decades, we quantified the drought characteristics throughout the basin to reveal the temporal and spatial pattern of drought in the Sistan Plain. The meteorological and hydrological droughts were reanalyzed based on the precipitation and streamflow records using the multi-month timescales during 1970–2006, a period of 37 years. To reproduce the river discharge to evaluate the hydrological drought, the distributed process-based hydrological model was first developed. The results indicate that the hydrological model performed quite well in both calibration and validation periods in the entire basin. The drought analysis represented that the trend of hydrological droughts in the Sistan Plain considerably changed in the last decade of the study period due to the increasing abstractions from the Helmand River associated with the rising evaporation, which have led to extending the severe drought of long duration in the Sistan area.</p>

The relationship between agricultural knowledge and water management is very important. Indigenous knowledge in agriculture can improve the water crisis situation and alleviate water stress from dry and semi-arid areas. Therefore, the combination of these two impacts can improve the agricultural sector and reduce the effects of drought. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting indigenous knowledge and the sustainable management of water resources for optimal water use in agriculture in the Sistan region of Iran. Alongside field research and interviews with 40 indigenous experts and experts from the Jihad-e-Agriculture sector of the Sistan region, the required information was collected by means of a questionnaire. Using the fuzzy hierarchy process (FAHP), the factors affecting indigenous knowledge and the sustainable management of water resources for optimal water use in the Sistan region were ranked. The final rankings of the factors influencing indigenous knowledge for optimal agricultural use of water resources indicate that the educational-extensional factor, with a final weight of 0.37, is the first priority, while social factors, government support, economics, farmers’ knowledge, and information, with weights of 0.24, 0.21, 0.13, and 0.03, respectively, are the next priorities. It is recommended that the indigenous knowledge of local authorities be augmented, and that farmers be encouraged to use modern irrigation techniques to optimize the agricultural irrigation of water.

Emergy ecological footprint analysis of Yaghooti grape production in the Sistan region of Iran

Brucellosis is an anthropozoonotic disease. Infection of livestock with Brucella is endemic in most parts of Iran. Sistan-Baluchestan is bordered on the east by the countries of Afghanistan and Pakistan. The high prevalence of brucellosis in livestock in the eastern neighboring countries results in transmission of the disease to this province. The present research aimed to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants in the Sistan region of Iran and to compare serological and molecular tests for the detection of brucellosis. Blood samples were taken from 150 randomly selected sheep and goats, and sera were separated. All sera were analyzed by serological (Wright and 2-ME) and molecular (Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)) tests. Serological tests were carried out according to the instructions of the Iranian Veterinary Organization The degree of agreement between serological tests and PCR was determined by kappa value. In this study, 17 cases (11.3%) were identified as positive by the PCR method. Wright and 2-ME tests had the highest agreement with PCR in titers ≥2/80 and ≥2/40, respectively. The results of this study show that the brucellosis in sheep and goats has a greater prevalence in the Sistan region than in most other parts of Iran, and this is important in terms of public health. It is suggested that brucellosis vaccination coverage in livestock be increased in this area and that the people in Sistan region must be notified about methods for preventing brucellosis. Also, further studies to compare conventional serologic tests with the gold standard test are recommended.

Exploring and predicting the biocapacity of various fish farming systems based on modified emergy footprint accounting in the Sistan region of Iran

Goal Programming (GP) is a mathematical model that is used as a basis for making a decision to analyze and make solutions to problems that involve many objectives so that optimal alternative problem solving is obtained. PT Bungah Andya Teknik is a telecommunication network contractor company established on December 24, 2018. PT Bungah Andya Teknik focuses on the production of poles for fiber optic networks. this company only produces 250 pcs of poles every month with a production target that should be 300 pcs of poles every month, with a production cost of IDR 1,500,000 per pcs of poles and with a sales profit of IDR 300,000 per pcs of poles. The revenue obtained by the company in real terms for the period August 2023 to October 2023 is IDR 261,800,000, - and the revenue obtained from the calculation results using the Goal Programming method is IDR 403,900,000, -, so it can be concluded that the Goal Programming method can provide the best solution and the revenue obtained is greater than the company's real income.

The growing increase in demand for water and the lack of balance between water supply and demand have led to conflicts among the downstream stakeholders of the international Hirmand River. This river is shared between Iran and Afghanistan and is located in the southeast of Iran, in the Sistan region. The Vardkhaneh is divided into two branches, Parian and Sistan, and it is the only main source of water in the Sistan region of Iran. The inner part of Hirmand catchment is considered bankrupt concerning its water resources, so there is a need to take the current status and resulting issues into account in order to resolve conflicts. In Hirmand catchment, four different games of bankruptcy theory, namely proportional (Pr), adjusted proportional (AP), constrained equal award (CEA), and constrained equal losses (CEL), were developed as optimization models based on genetic algorithms. For this purpose, the catchment was simulated with 26 scenarios using the WEAP 2022 version software for an average time period. The results of the bankruptcy game modeling showed that water could be effectively allocated to resolve conflicts among stakeholders. It is therefore recommended to use such a model to resolve fights and optimally allocate resources, even in bankrupt catchments.

Impacts of dust storms on indoor and outdoor bioaerosol concentration in the Sistan region of Iran

This paper is based on pragmatics and studies the person reference and referring devices in the Iranian Sistani folklore regarding the Accessibility approach. The study shows what the condition of applying reference is in the stories, and whether the employments of the different kinds of referring devices such as proper noun, pronoun, and zero anaphora is violating the general rules. Sistani is genetically related to the pro-drop language of Persian. The material was gathered from Sistan region in Iran by interviewing the consultants to narrate folktales and stories. The result shows that, apart from the frequent usage of proper noun for emphasis, the anaphoric zero has the highest range of occurrence and is the highest accessible marker in the context, and this violation, relating the ‘government and binding’ theory of Chomsky (1981), occurs because the discontinuity conditions, such as end of the clause-chain, does not force the anaphoric pronoun or proper noun to be used where they are expected to be. This is also shown by the statistical analysis, using Chi2 (P < 0.05). In the retrieval process, it is appeared that where zero anaphors are used, no matter how long is the distance between the anaphoric elements, there are no specific classifiers available to identify the referents more easily, and they are more or less accessible via the person markers in the verbs. And this is against Givon’s views (1983) of direct relation between little distance and the occurrence of a zero anaphors, and the principle of the usage of an NP. Concentration on the story by the listeners is crucial to cope with many zero anaphors to retrieve the referents, and this can show the long interest and concern of people in Sistani society with folktales and storytelling that has helped them to transfer this culture from generation to generation.