Optimal utilization of a boiler, combined heat and power installation, and heat buffers in horticultural greenhouses

P.J.M Van Beveren,J Bontsema,G Van Straten,E.J Van Henten

doi:10.1016/j.compag.2019.05.040

P.J.M Van Beveren, J Bontsema + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2019.05.040

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Abstract

In the daily operation of a greenhouse, decisions must be made about the best deployment of equipment for generating heat and electricity. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) To demonstrate the feasibility and flexibility of an optimal control framework for allocating heat and electricity demand to available equipment, by application to two different configurations used in practice. (2) To show that for a given energy and electricity demand benefit can be obtained by minimizing costs during resource allocation.The allocation problem is formulated as an optimal control problem, with a pre-defined heat and electricity demand pattern as constraints. Two simplified, yet realistic, configurations are presented, one with a boiler and heat buffer, and a second one with an additional combined heat and power generator (CHP) and a second heat buffer.A direct comparison with the grower is possible on those days where the other equipment that was at the grower’s disposal was not used (63 days in the available 2012 data set). On those days overall costs savings of 20% were obtained. This shows that a given heat demand does not come with a fixed price to pay. Rather, benefits can be obtained by determining the utilization of the equipment by dynamic optimization. It also appears that prior knowledge of gas and electricity prices in combination with dynamic optimization has a high potential for cost savings in horticultural practice. To determine the factors influencing the outcome, different sensitivities to the optimization result were analyzed.

Highlights

Greenhouses to produce vegetables, flowers, and ornamentals require heating in colder periods
In this paper we demonstrate the generality of the optimization method with two commercially used configurations of equipment: (1) A system with a heat demand from a greenhouse equipped with a boiler and a single high temperature heat buffer
Several issues that hamper the application of the flexible dynamic framework for resource allocation in greenhouses have been solved

Summary

Introduction

Greenhouses to produce vegetables, flowers, and ornamentals require heating in colder periods. Decisions about the best deployment of this equipment must be made This operation is complex due to varying heat and cooling demands, and varying prices of gas and electricity and calls for effective control schemes to support the grower in this process. In current greenhouse practice the equipment is controlled by different controllers that operate based on a set of pre-defined rules. In order to reduce the energy consumption of greenhouses a twostage approach for optimal management of energy resources was introduced in Van Beveren et al (2015a,b). This approach decouples greenhouse climate and the generation from the required energy input (Fig. 1). The motivation is that this approach does not rely on a complex crop model, but rather uses the grower’s experience and knowledge

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