Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the system performance of multihop energy harvesting (EH) wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with imperfect channel state information (CSI) using cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and friendly jammers in the presence of multiple passive eavesdroppers (EAVs). Specifically, we propose a two-phase communication protocol consisting of EH and information transmission (IT). In the first phase, relays in all clusters harvest energy from power transfer station (PTS) signals. In the first time slot of the second phase, the gateway simultaneously broadcasts information and interference signals. In the subsequent time slots, a relay acting as a friendly jammer in each cluster uses the harvested energy to send an interference signal. Simultaneously, another EH relay applies the NOMA technique to transmit the information signal according to an optimal scheduling scheme based on the maximum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of a far user (MSm) and a near user (MSn). To ensure security performance, we propose an algorithm for determining the EH time constraint for a friendly jammer. Additionally, closed-form expressions for the outage probability and throughput of the considered system are derived. Accordingly, an optimal power allocation coefficient algorithm is proposed to achieve throughput fairness for pairs of users. The results of the mathematical analysis are verified by Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, the numerical results demonstrate that the MSn scheme is recommended for guaranteeing throughput fairness for pairs of users.
Highlights
Energy harvesting (EH) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has attracted substantial research attention because energy harvesting (EH) technology prolongs the lifetime and improves the system performance of resource-limited WSNs [1]–[5]
Anwar et al considered the download behavior of ubiquitous WSNs (UWSNs) using non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)
We propose a communication protocol for multihop EH WSNs using cooperative NOMA and friendly jammers with imperfect channel state information (CSI)
Summary
Energy harvesting (EH) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has attracted substantial research attention because EH technology prolongs the lifetime and improves the system performance of resource-limited WSNs [1]–[5]. In addition to the energy and security constraints, WSNs face computing capability and bandwidth limitations [15]–[17] To overcome these limitations, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been considered a promising technique for EH WSNs to improve the system performance [18]–[21]. Anwar et al considered the download behavior of ubiquitous WSNs (UWSNs) using NOMA They compared the system performance between NOMA and the conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme by investigating the outage probability. The multihop cooperative relay method has been proposed as a potential approach to improve the system performance of massive networks [22]–[24] because the transmitter consumes less energy for information transmission with the relays’ help [25].
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