Optimal strategy for remanufacturing system of sustainable products with trade credit under uncertain scenario

Abstract

The manufacturing of commodities using cost-effective strategies that decrease adverse environmental effects while conserving raw materials and energy is based on sustainable manufacturing. Through sustainable production, employees, the community, and product safety are all improved. Carbon emissions are also considered as another factor for developing a sustainable strategy during the production process. To develop a policy for the production period for both the manufacturer and the remanufacturer under a fuzzy environment present study, a three-layer fuzzy sustainable manufacturing model has been established, with the producer, remanufacturer, and retailer as contributors, and the effects of economic and environmental factors were addressed. The aim of the article is to minimize overall cost by developing a manufacturing model that takes into account trade-credit policies, product recycling, and carbon emission effects. By managing the cycle time and a fraction of the time for a production chain, this model may assist with making selections to boost the effectiveness of sustainable inventory management. The input parameters (manufacturing cost, remanufacturing cost, and retailer cost) are represented as fuzzy trapezoidal numbers, which helps to handle uncertainty in the manufacturing process. The framework is mathematically presented and a sensitivity investigation is conducted to validate it.