Abstract
Electricity from renewable energy (RE) sources gained in significance due to green-friendly governmental initiatives in the form of either direct subsidizes, tax incentives or tradable certificates. Thereby, RE generators are incentivized to maximize energy feed-in or the remuneration from governmental subsidizes, meanwhile neglecting any market interaction. Consequently, wind farms are clustered in windy regions. Along with the governmentally initiated integration of RE generation into power markets, the siting of RE generators will change. In wind power dominated power systems that fully integrate RE generators into power markets, wind farms will compete against each other and try to maximize their market value. Hence, wind speed correlations with other wind farms will become increasingly important when choosing a site in a uniform or zonal pricing system. To quantify the impact of market integration on future wind farm siting, an approach is developed that takes into account the local wind potential of a certain site, wind speed correlations to other sites and their installed capacities. An optimization that minimizes the normalized sum of wind power correlations to all other sites and their respective normalized installed wind power capacity is performed. To achieve a predefined minimum energy output, the average wind yield is considered as an additional constraint. The outcome is an optimal wind farm site in a wind energy dominated system. Running this for a given wind power expansion scenario enables decision makers to foresee the spatial development of wind farm installations. To demonstrate the model’s applicability, a case study is performed for Germany. Thereby, wind speed data for four years from the European reanalysis model COSMO-REA6 is used. The results indicate that a full market integration of RE generators will space out more evenly new wind farms. Thereby, wind farms can economically benefit from the non-simultaneity of wind speed.
Highlights
The success of electricity produced by renewable energy (RE) sources is continuing all over the world
There is a consensus that the step will include a further integration of RE into power markets to allow for more competition among them
To investigate the impact of market integration on the future siting of wind farms, a new model is presented in the paper at hand
Summary
The success of electricity produced by renewable energy (RE) sources is continuing all over the world. As in Germany, the success of RE sources is carried by governmental support schemes in many countries. They can be categorized into three main types, namely fixed feed-in tariffs, feed-in premium and green certificates (combined with RE obligations) [2]. Fixed feed-in tariffs guarantee a fixed compensation in a non-discriminatory manner for each unit of energy produced. This significantly lowers the risk for investors, which explains the success of fixed feed-in tariffs in terms of the deployment of RE sources [3]
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