Optimal Scheduling of Campus Microgrid Considering the Electric Vehicle Integration in Smart Grid.

Tehreem Nasir,Hafiz Abdul Muqeet,Fawaz Alassery,Faiza Qayyum,Harun Jamil,Safdar Raza,Omar Cheikhrouhou,Muhammad Abrar,Habib Hamam

doi:10.3390/s21217133

Abstract

High energy consumption, rising environmental concerns and depleting fossil fuels demand an increase in clean energy production. The enhanced resiliency, efficiency and reliability offered by microgrids with distributed energy resources (DERs) have shown to be a promising alternative to the conventional grid system. Large-sized commercial customers like institutional complexes have put significant efforts to promote sustainability by establishing renewable energy systems at university campuses. This paper proposes the integration of a photovoltaic (PV) system, energy storage system (ESS) and electric vehicles (EV) at a University campus. An optimal energy management system (EMS) is proposed to optimally dispatch the energy from available energy resources. The problem is mapped in a Linear optimization problem and simulations are carried out in MATLAB. Simulation results showed that the proposed EMS ensures the continuous power supply and decreases the energy consumption cost by nearly 45%. The impact of EV as a storage tool is also observed. EVs acting as a source of energy reduced the energy cost by 45.58% and as a load by 19.33%. The impact on the cost for continuous power supply in case of a power outage is also analyzed.

Highlights

This paper addresses the idea of advancement in the current grid framework at a university campus, focusing on various types of distributed energy resources (DERs), mainly photovoltaic (PV) system, battery energy storage system (BESS), and electric vehicles (EVs) as prosumers
The effect of incorporating PV system, ESS and EVs are studied in a distribution network of a university campus
The energy requirement of the college was solely supplied through the local utility under the time of use (ToU) tariff without any DERs, resulting in high energy consumption cost

Summary

Introduction

In this technologically advanced period, the rising demand of energy is fulfilled by fossil fuels that add to most of the greenhouse gas emissions and are becoming expensive and scarce due to climatic changes. RERs are becoming increasingly common due to numerous related benefits such as low carbon emission, no reliance on fuel, clean energy, etc. Regardless of such incredible characteristics, RERs are inherently intermittent and unpredictable as they are weather dependent, resulting in unstable output power. For this reason, energy storage systems are

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