Abstract
In this study, a micro-grid (MG) optimal operation model considering the electric vehicle (EV) charging-swapping-storage integrated station (CSSIS) is presented. According to the behaviour characteristics of fast charging users, the battery fast charging station (BCS) model based on queuing theory is established. In addition, the traffic flow model could be determined by the network topology and speed-flow relationship in order to propose the battery swapping station (BSS) model considering the departure schedule and route arrangement of electric buses (Ebs). Meanwhile, the CSSIS model is also introduced, which aggregates BCS, BSS, and the energy storage station into one unit. In the MG, which takes the outputs of wind turbines, photovoltaic cells, micro-turbines, CSSIS and the demand of original load into account, this study proposes an optimal operation model in order to minimise the daily total operation cost and the problem is formulated in the framework of model predictive control (MPC). MPC based on a multi-time scale coordinated approach, which is formed by day-ahead scheduling, intra-day rolling scheduling, and real-time feedback correction, is introduced to handle uncertainties in renewable energy and load. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and benefit of the optimal scheduling strategy.
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