Abstract
In order to boost contributions of power systems to a low-carbon economy, the installed capacity of renewable power generation, such as wind and photovoltaic (PV) power generation should be well planned. A bilevel formulation is presented to optimize the proportion of wind and PV capacity in provincial power systems, in which, carbon emissions of generator units and features of renewable resources are taken into account. In the lower-level formulation, a time-sequence production simulation (TSPS) model that is suitable for actual power system has been adopted. In order to maximize benefits of energy conservation and emissions reduction resulting from renewable power generation, the commercial software called General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) is employed to optimize the annual operation of the power system. In the upper-level formulation, the optimal pattern search (OPS) algorithm is utilized to optimize the proportion of wind and PV capacity. The objective of the upper-level formulation is to maximize benefits of energy conservation and carbon emissions reductions optimized in the lower-level problem. Simulation results in practical provincial power systems validate the proposed model and corresponding solving algorithms. The optimization results can provide support to policy makers to make the polices related to renewable energy.
Highlights
The increasing CO2 emissions have been reported as one main cause of global warming that is widely considered as a great threat to our society in the foreseeable future
Where FUpper is the objective function of the upper-level optimization formulation. It is the energy conservation and emissions reductions of renewable power generation are optimized in the lower-level formulation
A simple model of optimal proportion of wind and PV capacity is developed in the upper-level problem, in which objective function is maximizing the benefit of energy conservation and emission reduction after solving the lower-level problem, some optimization method that is to solve the problem of no gradients could be used to update the particle optimization direction in upper-level according to this value
Summary
The increasing CO2 emissions have been reported as one main cause of global warming that is widely considered as a great threat to our society in the foreseeable future. A time-sequence output model of wind and PV power that considers regional resources in the provincial power systems is proposed in lower-level problem. The objective function of the lower-level model is to maximize energy conservation and emission reduction benefits of the provincial power grid. A simple model of optimal proportion of wind and PV capacity is developed in the upper-level problem, of which the objective function is maximizing benefits of energy conservation and emissions reductions after solving the lower-level problem. This is because the upper-level problem does not require the gradient of the problem to be optimized.
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