Abstract
Electric utilities have a significant role in creating a network of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) parking lots (PLs) to promote the use of PEV in cities around the world. The location of PLs in distribution systems, as well as the consideration of vehicle to grid (V2G) capability and flexible charging control in the PLs for PEVs enhance the distribution system operation. This paper optimizes the location and capacity of PEV PLs with flexible charging profiles of PEVs to minimize the power distribution system losses. The daily trips data are considered to calculate the dwell time of PEVs in PLs and to determine the initial state of charge of PEVs at the arrival time to PLs. A reward scheme is also designed in this paper to stimulate PEV owners to participate in the proposed flexible charge/discharge programs in the PLs. The proposed method and analysis are examined on the standard IEEE 33 bus system, considering various PEV penetration levels and different charger types in PLs. In addition, impacts of optimization results are evaluated on the network peak load and reliability of the distribution network.
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