Abstract
Traditional fault indicators based on 3G and 4G cannot send out fault-generated information if the distribution lines are located in the system across remote mountainous or forest areas. Hence, power distribution systems in rural areas only rely on patrol to find faults currently, which wastes time and lacks efficiency. With the development of the Internet of things (IoT) technology, some studies have suggested combining the long-range (LoRa) and the narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technologies to increase the data transmission distance and reduce the self-built communication system operating cost. In this paper, we propose an optimal configuration scheme for novel intelligent IoT-based fault indicators. The proposed fault indicator combines LoRa and NB-IoT communication technologies with a long communication distance to achieve minimum power consumption and high-efficiency maintenance. Under this given cyber network and physical power distribution network, the whole fault location process depends on the fault indicator placement and the deployment of the communication network. The overall framework and the working principle of the fault indicators based on LoRa and NB-IoT are first illustrated to establish the optimization placement model of the proposed novel IoT-based fault indicator. Secondly, an optimization placement method has been proposed to obtain the optimal number of the acquisition and collection units of the fault indicators, as well as their locations. In the proposed method, the attenuation of the communication network and the power-supply reliability have been specially considered in the fault location process under the investment restrictions of the fault indicators. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been validated by the analysis results in an IEEE Roy Billinton Test System (IEEE-RBTS) typical system.
Highlights
The power distribution network has a wide coverage area and the distribution lines always have complicated topological structures
We study the impact of the relationship between probability of error and distance on the optimal configuration scheme in 4.4, which shows that the simplified linear relationship between probability of error and distance is appropriate to be used in the optimal configuration scheme of fault indicators
The intelligent fault indicator based on LoRa and NB-Internet of Things (IoT) can be installed here
Summary
The power distribution network has a wide coverage area and the distribution lines always have complicated topological structures. It will take time and effort to locate faults only by means of manual line inspection, which cannot meet the actual requirements of fast power-supply restoration. For this reason, some fault indicating devices, such as fault indicators, have been widely used in the distribution network to realize fast fault localization [1]. The fault indicator is used to quickly locate the fault section once the fault occurs. It is used to detect the electrical quantity of the distribution line in real-time and give an alarm when the fault occurs through a certain fault discrimination algorithm. For short-circuit faults, the fault indicator determines the fault according to the sudden change of Energies 2020, 13, 4928; doi:10.3390/en13184928 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies
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