Optimal operation of battery swapping-charging systems considering quality-of-service constraints

Abstract

A battery swapping-charging system (BSCS) is a battery charging station (BCS) with multiple battery swapping stations (BSSs). To realize the optimal operation of a BSCS, a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) based operation method is proposed. CLSC is adopted to capture the battery logistic between the BCS and BSSs. Depleted batteries (DBs) are collected from BSSs and charged at the BCS. Well-charged batteries (WBs) are provided by the BCS. The quality of service (QoS) constraints at a BSS is modeled based on network calculus theory. An optimal day-ahead operation method is proposed for the BSCS operator to minimize its cost, through managing the charging process within the BCS, battery swapping among BSSs and battery logistic. In addition, the BCS can provide regulation reserves to power systems to increase its revenue. The optimal operation method is modeled as a mix-integer linear programming problem, which can be solved efficiently by commercial software packages. Simulation studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method, guaranteeing QoS and reducing the cost of BSCS.