Abstract
An MECS (multiple energy carrier system) could meet diverse energy needs owing to the integration of different energy carriers, while the distinction of quality of different energy resources should be taken into account during the operation stage, in addition the economic principle. Hence, in this paper, the concept of exergy is adopted to evaluate each energy carrier, and an economic–exergetic optimal scheduling model is formulated into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem with the implementation of a real-time pricing (RTP)-based demand response (DR) program. Moreover, a multi-objective (MO) operation strategy is applied to this scheduling model, which is divided into two parts. First, the ε-constraint method is employed to cope with the MILP problem to obtain the Pareto front by using the state-of-the-art CPLEX solver under the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) environment. Then, a preferred solution selection strategy is introduced to make a trade-off between the economic and exergetic objectives. A test system is investigated on a typical summer day, and the optimal dispatch results are compared to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model and MO operation strategy with and without DR. It is concluded that the MECS operator could more rationally allocate different energy carriers and decrease energy cost and exergy input simultaneously with the consideration of the DR scheme.
Highlights
At present, to realize the sustainable development of society, many scholars have been paying attention to energy savings and efficiency improvements due to severe fossil energy crises and environmental problems [1]
After the MO operation strategy was applied to each configuration, the energy cost, exergy input,In exergy efficiency and energy efficiencytooffulfill the preferred solution each case arethe illustrated this paper, an MECS
The variation amplitudes for both exergy and energy efficiency were very small, which means that the demand response (DR) scheme had less influence on exergy and energy efficiency
Summary
To realize the sustainable development of society, many scholars have been paying attention to energy savings and efficiency improvements due to severe fossil energy crises and environmental problems [1]. In such context, an MECS (multiple energy carrier system), which was formulated in a project “Vision of Future Energy Networks” at ETH Zurich together with other partners, has been regarded as a promising approach for next-generation energy systems [2]. An MECS refers to a system coupled with diverse kinds of energy carriers, such as electricity, gas, heat, and cooling to achieve coordinate energy production and delivery, as well as to meet various energy consumptions in coordination [3]. A standardized matrix modeling method was proposed, and the coupling matrix was automatically built based on graph theory and the Gaussian elimination technique, wboth hich could be conveniently
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