Optimal Integration of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations and Compensating Photovoltaic Systems in a Distribution Network Segregated into Communities

Abstract

This paper proposes a method of optimally utilizing electric vehicles (EVs) in the distribution network. The method is firstly based on segregating the distribution network into communities and then optimally placing an EV charging station (EVCS) in each community using the backward forward sweep (BFS) technique. The Second phase uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) to size and allocates photovoltaic systems in the network for power loss minimization and voltage improvement. The proposed method is tested on an IEEE 33 node test feeder and simulation results showed the effectiveness of the BFS in finding the best nodes for the placement of EVCS in each community as well as the effectiveness of the PSO in allocating the photovoltaic systems. To validate the effectiveness of the BFS technique, its results obtained are compared with those obtained when the EVCSs are placed on some nodes other than those chosen by the BFS technique.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.