Abstract
Efficacy of light-activated biomedical processes depends on the tissues (media) optical properties, the photosensitizers, and the light parameters such as its wavelength, energy, intensity, pulse-width, repetition rate and the operation modes. Optimal combination of light fluence (energy density), intensity and irradiation time may be achieved via scaling laws. Beer-Lambert law (BLL) and Bunsen-Roscoe law (BRL, for reciprocity rule) are discussed and compared to new nonlinear scaling laws developed by coupled equation for light intensity and concentration of the photosensitizers. The linear BLL is limited to simple case, when there is no photosensitizer depletion. Type-II photodynamic therapy efficacy follows the BRL (for the case of no external oxygen supply, with P=0), whereas type-I and type-II (with P>0) follow a non-linear non-BRL.
Highlights
One of the major applications of biomedical engineering is to use light to activate biomedical systems for clinical therapy
Beer-Lambert law (BLL) known as the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law which relates the attenuation of light in absorbing media [1]
The BLL is the linear relationship between absorbance and concentration of an absorbing media at various traveling depth
Summary
One of the major applications of biomedical engineering is to use light (lasers or LED) to activate biomedical systems for clinical therapy. There are two important laws related to the fundamental and efficacy of the photo-biological systems: the Beer-Lambert law (BLL) and the Bunsen-Roscoe law (BRL) of reciprocity [1,2,3]. BLL known as the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law which relates the attenuation of light in absorbing media [1]. The law is commonly applied to chemical analysis measurements and physical optics. In mathematical physics, this law is a solution of the Bhatnagar-GrossKrook (BGK) equation. The BLL is the linear relationship between absorbance and concentration of an absorbing media at various traveling depth
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