Abstract
In this Section related problems which arise in the optimal design of structures are formulated as two level optimization problems and are numerically treated by multilevel iterative techniques. Certain classes of optimal material design problems and topology optimization problems formulated by means of the homogenization approach can be treated with this method. This approach can also be used for the rigourous formulation of optimality criteria methods for optimal design of structures. These methods are popular in engineering applications because, roughly speaking, they decompose the difficult optimal design problem into a number of classical structural analysis problems with appropriate, decentralized (at the finite element level) modification rules.
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