Optimal design of multiuse hybrid microgrids power by green hydrogen–ammonia

Abstract

The design and operation of hybrid microgrids (MGs) has attracted much interest. The creation of adaptable standalone hybrid systems that can satisfy interconnected clients’ energy needs using coupled green hydrogen–ammonia has been studied less. Additionally, the capability of scaling up hydrogen generation and fuel decarbonization is little studied. This study proposes an optimized design approach for multiuse hybrid MG supplying power gas, heat, and oxygen with green hydrogen and ammonia carriers. The suggested one-layer technique is implemented using PSO and performs both the optimal size and operation of the proposed system based on hourly data intervals to better track load variations. The proposed technique aims to minimize costs besides ensuring maximum reliability in light of load demand and RERs variations. CHMS is implemented to constantly fulfill heat loads by dispatching power and heat of ICE, FC and EBs. Decarbonization of natural gas is suggested by hybrid hydrogen–ammonia rather than hydrogen-based methanation only. The Proposed methodology is tested on a number of scenarios with various setups. The outcomes are evaluated against existing literature from both the same and different research regions. The best LCOE is 0.0519, 0.04122, and 0.05383 $/kWh, with nearly no energy supply loss and no emissions, according to the results of the vital scenarios SC6, SC8, and SC9. The obtained results reveal the following: (1) When CHMS is utilized, a significant reduction in investment cost results. (2) A single-layer optimization strategy can effectively locate the optimal solution with minimum ratios of curtailed energy. (3) The oxygen produced from hydrogen and ammonia-related conversions is essential in reducing total costs.