Abstract
A linear tapered double S-shaped arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) was designed as an alternative to a U-shaped AWG, and a complete transmission spectrum for 18 channels of coarse wavelength-division multiplexing (CWDM) was demonstrated. The silicon-on-insulator based AWG with a rib waveguide structure with a broad channel spacing of 20 nm was designed to serve as a multiplexer/demultiplexer. A beam propagation method modeling simulation under transverse electric mode polarization over a free spectrum range of 700 nm was used for the design process. The geometrical dimensions of the AWG rib structure were optimized to achieve the lowest reported insertion loss of 1.07 dB and adjacent crosstalk of −38.83 dB. The influence of different etching depths on the top Si layer of the AWG for a constant core width of 0.6 μm as well as birefringence effects were also investigated. A transmission spectrum response at the output port close to the standard CWDM wavelength grid range of 1271 to 1611 nm with an average channel spacing of 2485 GHz was obtained.
Highlights
Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) has become a popular choice of material in recent years because of its potential for use in the photonics components manufacturing industry, which uses a monolithic or hybrid integration assembly
This is because the core width (W) decreases with a decrease in the top Si guiding layer thickness, and when W becomes smaller than the minimum arrayed waveguide separation width (d), a high diffraction loss is observed at the first free propagation regions (FPR)
The Arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) design results in values comparable with those produced by existing practical devices that have different channel spacing but are fabricated using the same material (SOI).[13,17,18]
Summary
Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) has become a popular choice of material in recent years because of its potential for use in the photonics components manufacturing industry, which uses a monolithic or hybrid integration assembly. There are several advantages in using SOI as a platform for photonics integration, such as low manufacturing costs due to the use of existing complementary metal oxide semiconductor fabrication technology,[1] compact devices, and high confinement of the optical mode.[2] Further, silicon has a high index contrast (Δn) and is transparent at infrared wavelengths, making it suitable for optical communication applications By using these features of SOI materials, we designed and analyzed an SOI-based AWG mux/demux capable of splitting or combining the multiple signals in a single fiber utilized in coarse wavelength-division multiplexing (CWDM) systems. Besides the reduction in IL and adjacent XT, we aim to obtain an AWG with a channel central wavelength that complies with the CWDM grid and with a channel spacing tolerance of Æ5 nm
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