Optimal Design of a New Wheeled Mobile Robot by Kinetic Analysis for the Stair-Climbing States

Abstract

Many mobile robots have been developed in the various application fields, such as building inspection and security, military reconnaissance, space and undersea exploration, and warehouse services (Muir & Neuman, 1987). Mobile robots are designed with the specific locomotive mechanisms according to the environment of the application field. The various locomotive mechanisms used in mobile robots can be classified into three types: wheeled, tracked, and legged type (Kim, 1999) (Lee et al, 2000). Each locomotion type has its inherent advantages and disadvantages as described below. The wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) weigh less than robots of the other locomotive types and have other inherent advantages, such as high energy efficiency, low noise level, etc (Muir & Neuman, 1987). In comparison with legged mobile robots, the WMRs have a simpler driving part and a plain control strategy, but they have the poor adaptability to the terrain. Tracked mobile robots have the merit of easy off-road travelling. However, they usually have a heavier driving part and need more power for turning motions, in comparison with mobile robots with other locomotive types. Additionally, tracked mobile robots are usually too noisy to be utilized for in-door applications. Legged mobile robots can easily adapt to the unstructured environments, such as off-road environments, but require more actuators to stabilize themselves than mobile robots in the other two categories. As the locomotion mechanisms are complex and need more complicated control algorithms, legged mobile robots have poor mobility on the plane surfaces. Various types of mobile robots that are capable of climbing up stairs have been developed but, until now, most of the mobile robots developed have tracked-type locomotive mechanisms (Kohler et al., 1976) (Maeda et al., 1985) (Yoneda et al., 1997) (Iwamoto & Yamamoto, 1985) (Iwamoto & Yamamoto, 1990). For the purpose of developing a robot capable of traversing the stairs, Estier (Estier et al., 2000) proposed a WMR with three 4-bar linkage mechanisms, by applying the concept of the instantaneous centre of rotation. To explore Mars, Volpe (Volpe et al., 1997) developed a WMR named Rockey 7, which is capable of climbing up steps about 1.5 times as large as the wheel diameter. O pe n A cc es s D at ab as e w w w .ite ch on lin e. co m