Abstract
The optimal design of an N× N coupler of multimode interference (MMI) type is considered. The geometrical structure of the whole N× N coupler can be determined effectively by three parameters when the width of the MMI section is given. A genetic algorithm is used to determine these three parameters to achieve good results for the uniformity and excess loss. The optimal design is verified by a numerical simulation using the beam propagation method. Compared with the conventional design based on the self-image theory, the present method improves the uniformity and excess loss greatly.
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