Abstract
In this paper, a two-stage optimum planning and design method for a multi-carrier microgrid (MCMG) is presented in the targeted operation period considering energy purchasing and the component’s maintenance costs. An MCMG is most likely owned by a community or small group of public and private sectors comprising loads and distributed energy resources (DERs) with the ability of self-supply to regulate the flows of various energies to local consumers. The operation cost is undoubtedly reduced by selecting the proper components. In the proposed model, the investment and operation and maintenance costs of MCMG are simultaneously carried out in order to choose the right component and its size in the given period. Moreover, in this innovative model, net zero emission (NZE) is regarded as an environmental constraint. The genetic algorithm of MATLAB and the mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) technique of GAMS (general algebraic modeling system) software are used to solve the optimization problem. Illustrative examples show the efficiency of the proposed model.
Highlights
Various energy infrastructures are operated and designed individually
The model presented in this paper has been applied to a farm as an multi-carrier microgrid (MCMG) to illustrate the performance of the proposed method
The proposed method determines the best operational point of the MCMG and the optimal type and size of its elements with the minimum net present cost when net zero emission (NZE) constraint is reached during its life circle
Summary
Various energy infrastructures (for example, electricity, natural gas, and local district heating systems) are operated and designed individually. The main challenge in the operation of the MCMG is the optimal usage of different energy resources and equipment. The operation and planning of different energy infrastructures, such as electricity, natural gas, heat, etc. The higher penetration of small scale energy resources (SSERs) with gas consumption, especially co- and tri-generation, has, increased the enthusiasm for the usage of network services among energy carriers [9]. For this purpose, integrated multi-carrier energy systems have been discussed in certain works of scientific literature [10,11]. The concept of the energy hub (EH) system was introduced in order to define the multi carrier-system and examine the various energy-form impact on each other infrastructure as well [10]
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