Abstract
The increased penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) along with the rise in demand for wireless communication had led to the need to deploy cellular base stations powered by locally accessible RESs. Moreover, networks powered by renewable energy sources have the ability to reduce the costs of generating electricity, as well as greenhouse gas emissions, thus maintaining the quality of service (QoS). This paper examines the techno-economic feasibility of developing grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV)/biomass generator (BG)-powered heterogeneous networks in Bangladesh, taking into account the dynamic characteristics of RESs and traffic. To guarantee QoS, each macro and micro-base station is supplied through a hybrid solar PV/BG coupled with enough energy storage devices. In contrast, pico and femto BSs are powered through standalone solar PV units due to their smaller power rating. A hybrid optimization model for electric renewables (HOMER)-based optimization algorithm is considered to determine the optimum system architecture, economic and environmental analysis. MATLAB-based Monte-Carlo simulations are used to assess the system’s throughput and energy efficiency. A new weighted proportional-fair resource method is presented by trading power consumption and communication latency in non-real-time applications. Performance analysis of the proposed architecture confirmed its energy efficiency, economic soundness, reliability, and environmental friendliness. Additionally, the suggested method was shown to increase the battery life of the end devices.
Highlights
If χ = 0 where P1 = P0 + ∆ p Pmax represents the peak power consumed by the BS, ∆ p is the power slope depends upon the load, P0 is the power consumed at the idle state, Psleep is the power drawn at sleep mode, and χ represents traffic load
As an ideal renewable energy source, solar PV does not contribute to the emission of any carbon content, whereas the biomass generator releases a tiny amount of carbon content during the processing of the biomass [56]
This paper proposed a hybrid solar PV/biomass generator (BG)-powered heterogeneous cellular network in conjunction with sufficient energy storage devices
Summary
The third-generation partnership project (3GPP) uses a radio technology standard called narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) to allow internet connectivity in a huge number of low-performance devices [9,10]. This NB-IoT standard may be used to prolong battery life using the discontinuous reception (DRX) mechanism. The main focus of this paper is to develop an energy-efficient hybrid supply system to power the green cellular network in Bangladesh, taking into account the locally accessible renewable energy sources. It proposes a hybrid solar PV and biomass-based energy supply system with enough energy storage devices for the long-term powering of heterogeneous cellular networks.
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