Abstract
Due to the technological revolution and higher user data demand, the telecommunication industry is expanding at an exponential rate. Fulfilling the increasing demand of energy for the rising cellular networks has become a great challenge to the network operators because of the limited reservation of fuel energy sources and the growing concern about global warming. Energy harvesting (EH) from renewable energy sources (RES) has become an overwhelming initiative to minimize energy deficiency and carbon footprints. This paper investigates the feasibility of solar photovoltaic (PV) and biomass resources based hybrid supply systems for powering the off-grid Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular macrocell base stations (BSs) in Bangladesh focusing the technical, economic and environmental issues. In addition, the green energy sharing technique has been incorporated via a low resistive path for optimal use of RES. The proposed system has enough potential to achieve long term sustainability and reduction of pollution rates by fulfilling the future energy demand of BS. In this work, Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) simulation-based feasibility analysis is used to assess the optimal system, energy production, total net present cost (NPC), cost of electricity (COE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission depending on different system parameters. Furthermore, the performance of the network has been evaluated in terms of throughput and energy efficiency using Matlab-based Monte Carlo simulations. Results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid renewable energy powered BSs would be a reliable and longer-lasting green solution for the telecom sector while maintaining the quality of service (QoS). Finally, an extensive comparison with other systems has also been done to justify network validity.
Highlights
With the remarkable increase in the number of mobile subscribers and high-speed data demand, cellular network operators are deploying a higher number of base stations throughout the world
CONTRIBUTIONS Being inspired by the above analyses, this paper investigates the potential of solar PV and biomass resource-based hybrid power supply of macrocell base stations (BSs) with Radio Remote Head (RRH)
For ensuring long term sustainability and reliability, the performance of the renewable energy-based system along with sufficient energy storage devices has been analyzed in terms of three key aspects: (i) energy yield analysis, (ii) economic analysis, and (iii) greenhouse gas (GHG) emission
Summary
With the remarkable increase in the number of mobile subscribers and high-speed data demand, cellular network operators are deploying a higher number of base stations throughout the world. Instead of using a conventional-only diesel generator system or a single PV system for harvesting energy, they [11], [39] advocated for a hybrid PV/DG (combination of green and fuel energy) for the reason of reducing the sole dependency on fossil fuel and increasing the reliability as compared to the single PV system Though these works widely evaluate the technical issues and optimum modeling of a solar PV/DG system that secures the energy sustainability and reliability, the dynamic traffic pattern has not been discussed. CONTRIBUTIONS Being inspired by the above analyses, this paper investigates the potential of solar PV and biomass resource-based hybrid power supply of macrocell BSs with RRH This system can reduce the inconvenience that arises for using non-renewable energy sources. SYSTEM MODEL Fig. 1 exhibits the architecture of the hybrid solar PV/biomass system which integrates two different renewable energy sources in order to ensure the reliable, sustainable and clean electricity supply to the macrocell BS in LTE cellular network. Specifications of the solar PV panel [45]
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