Abstract
In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as in many other kinds of immunoassay, a log-logistic or similar-shaped calibration curve is fit using standards at a series of known levels and then used to transform the measured values for the unknowns into estimated concentrations. The choice of the number of standards, the concentration of the standards, and the number of replicates of the standards and of the unknowns all affect the precision of the measurement. This article develops an optima1 design paradigm for this type of problem and shows how optimal choices can be calculated so that the system achieves the maximum precision of which it is capable. Although exact calculation of optimal designs requires use of a computer program, close approximations to the optimum can be derived from simple rules for hand calculation.
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