Abstract
Controller gains and power-sharing parameters are the main parameters affect the dynamic performance of the microgrid. Considering an active load to the autonomous microgrid, the stability problem will be more involved. In this paper, the active load effect on microgrid dynamic stability is explored. An autonomous microgrid including three inverter-based distributed generations (DGs) with an active load is modeled and the associated controllers are designed. Controller gains of the inverters and active load as well as Phase Locked Loop (PLL) parameters are optimally tuned to guarantee overall system stability. A weighted objective function is proposed to minimize the error in both measured active power and DC voltage based on time-domain simulations. Different AC and DC disturbances are applied to verify and assess the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed controller to enhance the microgrid stability and to provide efficient damping characteristics. Additionally, the proposed controller is compared with the literature to demonstrate its superiority. Finally, the microgrid considered has been established and implemented on real time digital simulator (RTDS). The experimental results validate the simulation results and approve the effectiveness of the proposed controllers to enrich the stability of the considered microgrid.
Highlights
Different distributed generation (DG) resources—such as wind and photovoltaic arrays (PVs)—are being rapidly connected in the utility grid to overcome the environmental problems and global warming gas emissions [1]
Different centralized control schemes to coordinate between parallel multiple inverters and to maximize the DGs productions and power exchanges of a microgrid with the main grid [8,9]
The simulation could be performed faster in real time digital simulator (RTDS) since it works since it works continuously in sustained real-time. Microgrid elements such as loads, converter bridges, continuously in sustained real-time. Microgrid elements such as loads, converter bridges, filters, and lines filters, and lines can be modeled inside the RTDS environmental using their physical representation can be modeled inside the RTDS environmental using their physical representation built in a standard built in a standard library blocks
Summary
Different distributed generation (DG) resources—such as wind and photovoltaic arrays (PVs)—are being rapidly connected in the utility grid to overcome the environmental problems and global warming gas emissions [1]. Through droop control, emulating synchronous generators, sharing powers between inverter-based DGs was firstly proposed [6]. Control loop dynamic of the inverter and negative incremental resistance are the main important characteristics of the CPLs [12]. These properties reduce the system damping especially when CPL consumes a significant portion of the power [23]. This paper examines microgrid dynamic stability considering active load. To best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the microgrid stability including active load using heuristic techniques such as PSO. The experimental results validate the simulation results and approve the effectiveness of the proposed controllers to enrich the stability of the considered microgrid
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