Abstract
As one of the most effective traffic demand management measures, cordon-based congestion pricing can alleviate recurrent traffic congestion. Existing methods of determining the toll cordon require an excessive investigation and calculation, and the model assumptions are too idealistic. This article attempts to reduce the amount of required calculation by introducing feasible cordons. Through GPS data of floating cars, an accurate identification of the research scope and a feasible cordon for congestion pricing can be achieved. Further, considering multi-user choices and congestion transfer when pricing is imposed, this article establishes a joint bi-level model to determine the toll cordons and rate simultaneously. The upper level of the model aims at maximizing social welfare with the restriction of congestion transfer. The lower level of the model is a road network equilibrium model in which the value of time is considered. A combined algorithm is adopted to solve the bi-level model. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by taking Changchun as an example. This article provides a methodological support for designing a feasible and an effective cordon-based congestion pricing scheme.
Highlights
With the growth of the population and urban development, the contradiction between traffic supply and demand is becoming more and more serious
May et al [7] tested a set of analytical procedures of congestion pricing on a large transportation network, and the results showed that the performance of congestion pricing is very sensitive to cordon locations
We propose a method of designing the cordonbased congestion pricing scheme based on feasible cordons and the restriction of congestion transfer
Summary
With the growth of the population and urban development, the contradiction between traffic supply and demand is becoming more and more serious. INDEX TERMS Congestion pricing, bi-level programming model, feasible cordon, combined algorithm, GPS data. RESEARCH SCOPE AND FEASIBLE CORDON IN CORDON-BASED CONGESTION PRICING The following parameters are defined to represent the characteristics of the road sections, nodes, requirements, and charges of the urban road network.
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