Abstract
This study introduces a frequency regulation strategy to enable the participation of wind turbines with permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). The optimal strategy focuses on developing the frequency support capability of PMSGs connected to the power system. Active power control is performed using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and de-loaded control to supply the required power reserve following a disturbance. A kinetic energy (KE) reserve control is developed to enhance the frequency regulation capability of wind turbines. The coordination with the de-loaded control prevents instability in the PMSG wind system due to excessive KE discharge. A KE optimization method that maximizes the sum of the KE reserves at wind farms is also adopted to determine the de-loaded power reference for each PMSG wind turbine using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal control and operation strategy, three different case studies are conducted using the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation tool. The results demonstrate that the optimal strategy enhances the frequency support contribution from PMSG wind turbines.
Highlights
Over the past few years, wind energy has received significant attention as one of the most promising renewable energy sources given the adverse environmental impacts of conventional energy sources [1,2]
A sufficient reserve margin is an important requirement to participate in frequency regulation, which is absent in a wind turbine generator
permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) wind farms in three different cases are compared to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy
Summary
Over the past few years, wind energy has received significant attention as one of the most promising renewable energy sources given the adverse environmental impacts of conventional energy sources [1,2]. Both permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbines and doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines have been widely used. In power systems with high wind power penetration, frequency control is a critical issue from the viewpoint of stable system operation. The wind power system is required to provide a reliable frequency response to support the grid and reduce costs associated with reserve power. A sufficient reserve margin is an important requirement to participate in frequency regulation, which is absent in a wind turbine generator
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