Abstract
Smart grid has a power network with an interdependent communication network. In such a system, a node failure can lead to another failure in its dependent node in the other network. These inter-network failures can occur recursively in a cascading process, resulting in a complete system collapse. Such cascading failure process can be interrupted by providing backup power to communication nodes, so that they can continue operation when the power nodes they depend on have failed. It is costly to install a backup power unit at each communication node. We have used the two-stage percolation theory to determine the system robustness as a function of backup power deployment density and backup power unit capacity. Then, we propose a novel scheme to determine the optimal backup power deployment density and unit capacity, which can minimize the backup power deployment cost without compromising a desired system robustness. Through extensive simulations, we have found that when the probability of initial node failure is below its critical value, the deployment cost may decrease linearly with a smaller network size and may increase exponentially with a higher robustness requirement.
Highlights
Smart grid plays an important role in renewable energy integration into power network
We propose a novel idea, which is to guard against a cascading failure process by interrupting it, through an optimal deployment of backup power units on communication nodes
BACKUP POWER COST OPTIMIZATION Given a probability ψp of initial power node failure and a probability ψc of initial communication node failure, our objective is to minimize the cost of providing backup power to communication nodes without compromising the system robustness requirement Smin, which is measured in terms of an acceptable fraction of surviving power nodes at the end of a cascading failure process
Summary
Smart grid plays an important role in renewable energy integration into power network. We propose a novel idea, which is to guard against a cascading failure process by interrupting it, through an optimal deployment of backup power units on communication nodes. We first determine the smart grid robustness as a function of backup power deployment density and capacity of each backup power unit. Propose the novel idea to guard against a cascading failure process across interdependent power and communication network, by interrupting it, through an optimal deployment of backup power units on communication nodes. Says, the proposed scheme finds the optimal backup power unit capacity is five hours and the optimal backup power deployment density is 0.05 This solution means the operator can randomly pick 10 out of the 200 communication nodes to install a backup power unit, which can last for five hours
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