Optical solitons in birefringent fibers with Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel model by the aid of a few insightful algorithms

Abstract

This paper revisits Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel model in birefringent fibers with five insightful integration algorithms. These schemes reveal bright, dark, singular and combo optical solitons to the model. Their respective existence criteria are also presented.