Abstract
Optical absorption and emission spectra are used to determine the energy levels of the $^{5}I_{8}$ ground state and $^{5}I_{7}$ excited state of ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}$ in diamagnetic yttrium gallium garnet (YGaG) and ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet (YIG). The results for YGaG are consistent with the ${D}_{2}$ site symmetry of the dodecahedral site in the garnet structure. Energy levels in YIG which are separated by site inequivalency are identified from spectra observed as the ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ magnetization is rotated in the ($1\overline{1}0$) plane. Stimulated emission is observed from ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}$ in YGaG at 2.086 and 2.114 \ensuremath{\mu} and from ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}$ in YIG at 2.086, 2.089, and 2.107 \ensuremath{\mu}. Each of the lines in YIG is composed of two superimposed electronic transitions. The exchange field in YIG makes possible magnetic tuning of coherent emission over a range of 70 \AA{}.
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