Abstract
Optical antennas are key elements in quantum optics emitting and sensing, and behave wide range applications in optical domain. However, integration of optical antenna radiating orbital angular momentum is still a challenge in nano-scale. We theoretically demonstrate a sub-wavelength phased optical antenna array, which manipulates the distribution of the orbital angular momentum in the near field. Orbital angular momentum with topological charge of 4 can be obtained by controlling the phase distribution of the fundamental mode orbital angular momentum in each antenna element. Our results indicate this phased array may be utilized in high integrated optical communication systems.
Highlights
To resolve corrosion problems in reinforcing steel and to increase the efficiency of repair work for the deteriorating reinforced concrete (RC) infrastructure, professionals have turned to alternative materials such as fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites (ACI 440 1996)
The U-anchor can be used with FRP sheets and pre-cured laminates that are unbonded or fully bonded to concrete or masonry
The U-anchor system provides an effective solution for cases in which the bonded length of FRP composites is not sufficient to develop its full capacity or where anchorage to adjacent members is required
Summary
To resolve corrosion problems in reinforcing steel and to increase the efficiency of repair work for the deteriorating reinforced concrete (RC) infrastructure, professionals have turned to alternative materials such as fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites (ACI 440 1996). FRP composites are made of high strength fibers embedded in a polymer resin (ACI 440 1996). FRP composites can be produced by different manufacturing methods in many shapes and forms; the most popular ones for concrete reinforcement are rebars, prestressing tendons, pre-cured laminates/shells, and fiber sheets. FRP rebars and tendons are currently produced with sizes and deformation patterns reminding of those of steel rebars, strands and solid wires They are commonly used for internal concrete reinforcement. FRP sheets may be adhered to the tension side of structural members (e.g., slabs or beams) to provide additional flexural strength (Arduini and Nanni 1996) They may be adhered to web sides of joists and beams or wrapping around columns to provide additional shear strength (Chajes et al 1995, Taerwe et al 1997, Arduini et al 1997, Triantaffilou 1998). In North America, design guidelines have been or are currently being developed by organizations such as the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO) and ACI
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