Optical information encoding and image watermarking scheme based on phase-shifting interferometry and singular value decomposition

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A robust image watermarking scheme based on phase-shifting interferometry (PSI) and singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed, in which, a grayscale image watermark is encrypted into multiple interferograms using the techniques of double random-phase encoding (DRPE) and PSI. By choosing the appropriate weighting factor, the interferograms are embedded in the singular values of the R, G, and B components of the host image. The scheme achieves a high level of security due to DRPE and at the same time preserves high imperceptibility and robustness due to SVD properties. Simulated results of the proposed scheme are provided to demonstrate the high robustness, not only against the geometric distortion attacks but also against general image processing attacks.