Abstract
Besides their well-known properties concerning optical waveguiding, optical fibers are also used for other important applications because of long interaction lengths allowing to take full advantage of physical phenomena. We review some effects occurring in optical fibers as passive or active media: Dispersion modified fibers used in advanced high bit rate and long haul transmission systems, rare-earth doped fibers to be used as optical amplifiers to boost the regeneration span in optical systems or as lasers to generate new wavelengths, non-linear phenomena due to the third order nonlinear susceptibility with potential applications in optical amplification (Raman or Brillouin effects) and in optical processing (self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation, ultra-short pulse generation, soliton propagation, four-wave mixing).
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