Optical fiber SPR magnetic field sensor based on photonic crystal fiber with the magnetic fluid as cladding

Abstract

In this paper, a novel optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) magnetic field sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The structure is fabricated by splicing a section of photonic crystal fiber between two multimode fibers. After the structure is coated with 10 nm Cr and 50 nm Au, the high refractive index (RI) sensitivity, from 1973.72 nm RIU−1 to 3223.32 nm RIU−1 in the range of 1.3326–1.3680, verifies the SPR sensor, which is higher than the structure based on single mode fiber with the same coating. In addition, the microscopic mechanism of the tunable characteristics of magnetic fluid RI with the ambient magnetic field is simulated by the molecular dynamics method. To measure the external magnetic field, the sensing region of the SPR sensor is fully inserted in a capillary tube, which is filled with magnetic fluid and sealed with UV glue. A maximum sensitivity of 4.42 nm mT−1 is achieved in the range of 0–24 mT, experimentally. Due to high sensitivity, simple manufacturing and compact size, the proposed sensor possesses attractive application prospects in environmental monitoring, power transmission and biomedical applications.